Diagnostics et accompagnement

Isolation des murs des bâtiments existants : points de vigilance sur les ETICS

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14 décembre 2020

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Favorisés par l’arrêté du 16 Octobre 2020 modifiant l’arrêté du 29 Décembre 2014 relatif aux modalités d’application du dispositif des certificats d’économie d’énergie, les travaux d’isolation des murs des bâtiments existants devraient augmenter de manière significative dans les prochaines années.

Ces travaux d’isolation de murs ont pour but de réduire la consommation énergétique d’un bâtiment ; que ce soit un logement individuel, une résidence collective ou un bâtiment tertiaire.


La mise en œuvre de Systèmes d’isolation Thermique par l’Extérieur rebaptisés ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite System) est de plus en plus fréquente. Les ETICS sont des systèmes constitués par des panneaux isolants (polystyrène expansé, laine de roche,…), d’une ou plusieurs passe(s) de couche de base et d’impression (si besoin), d’une armature (treillis en fibre de verre par exemple) et d’un matériau de finition qui assure une protection contre les intempéries. Tous les composants d’un ETICS sont conçus par le fabricant spécifiquement pour ce système et le support correspondant.


Le système ETICS doit faire l’objet d’une Evaluation Technique Européenne pour valider ses performances (réaction au feu, absorption d’eau, étanchéité à l’eau, perméabilité, adhérence, résistance au vent, durabilité). Un Document technique d’Application (DTA) doit préciser les conditions de mise en œuvre et d’emploi en conformité avec les spécificités de la réglementation française.


Voici quelques questions à se poser avant de s’engager dans la mise en œuvre d’un ETICS  sur support béton ou maçonnerie :

  • Tenue au vent : systèmes collés ou systèmes fixés mécaniquement ?
  • Exposition aux chocs et dégradations : est-ce que la zone est facilement accessible au public ?
  • Exposition aux vents : quels essais d’adhérence de la colle (systèmes collés) ou quelle densité des fixations par chevilles ou par profilés (systèmes fixés mécaniquement) ?
  • Exposition à la pluie : quelle situation du bâtiment par rapport aux expositions (situation géographique telle que zone littorale par exemple, hauteur du mur, façade abrité,..) ?
  • Exposition aux rayonnements solaires : quel coefficient d’absorption du rayonnement solaire, quelle altitude ?
  • Réglementation incendie : existe-t-il un risque de propagation du feu par les façades ?

Sur ce dernier point, des guides de préconisations détaillant les dispositions constructives existent pour l’ensemble des situations courantes (dates de construction, familles de bâtiment, type de façade, hauteur,..).


Par exemple, le guide de préconisation « protection contre l’incendie des façades béton ou maçonnerie revêtues de système d’isolation thermique extérieure par enduit sur polystyrène expansé (ETICS-PSE) v2.0 de Septembre 2020 l  spécifie dans certains cas la mise en place d’une bande de recoupement ;  cette dernière version du guide  succède à celle d’Avril 2016.


Indépendamment des autres dispositions techniques mentionnées sur les documents de référence, il importe que cette bande de recoupement en laine de roche soit collée en plein et fixée avec des fixations métalliques (chevilles à vis ou à clou métallique).


Ci-dessous un exemple de mise en œuvre selon le Cahier du CSTB n°3714_V2 : « Systèmes d’ETICS par enduits sur polystyrène expansé : Conditions de mise en œuvre de bandes filantes en sécurité incendie » de Février 2017 :


Le respect de l’ensemble des dispositions et préconisations est impératif afin de prémunir le bâtiment et ses occupants de tout risque.


L’identification des référentiels applicables et leur respect dans la mise en œuvre sont donc autant d’éléments essentiels pour la maîtrise du risque.


Le Groupe Qualiconsult vous accompagne en tant que contrôleur technique dans tous vos travaux de rénovation énergétique.


Le Groupe Qualiconsult est également organisme accrédité par le COFRAC pour la réalisation des inspections d’opérations standardisées d’économie d’énergie dans le cadre du dispositif de délivrance des CEE.

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